Repurposed medications for anti-aging: metformin

Used to help treat Type 2 diabetes, Metformin is generally well-tolerated by the body and shows promising signs of potential anti aging qualities, making it a strong contender for mass use in future years.

TAME Trials for Anti Aging

Metformin increased the health and life span of mice, leading scientists to begin more serious research through TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) trials. These trials will be testing for the efficacy of Metformin on the following age-related health problems:

  • Heart disease
  • Cancer
  • Dementia

The TAME Trials might be a key factor in getting the FDA to approve treatment for aging outright as opposed to simply approving treatment for conditions caused by aging.

Metformin and Oxidative Stress

Studies indicate that Metformin inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of cells. This creates less oxidative stress in the body and fewer free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that contain oxygen. They readily react with other molecules in the body, and some of these reactions can be harmful to the body. (Antioxidants fight against free radicals, which is why they’re popular selling points in many foods.)

Reactions caused by oxidative stress over time can lead to the following conditions:

  • Diabetes
  • Atherosclerosis (hardening of blood vessels)
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Hypertension
  • Heart disease
  • Neurodegenerative conditions
  • Cancer
  • Signs of aging

However, with less of this oxidative stress, the body sees fewer of these potentially harmful molecules in the body.

Metformin and mTORC1

Like Rapamycin, Metformin can potentially inhibit the growth-signaling pathways (including mTORC1) that can cause the body to age faster. By activating AMPK (protein), this growth impulse is decreased.

Metformin and Inflammation

Metformin influences the body’s microbiome and might reduce age associated inflammation. This could be potentially helpful for people suffering from chronic inflammation, a significant factor for many age related diseases.

Metformin Side Effects

Nausea and other stomach discomfort are the most common side effects of Metformin, and it is generally well-tolerated in the body. Some Metformin formulations have been found to be contaminated so it is important to discuss any new medications with your physician before introducing Metformin to your regular routine.  

Sources:

Metformin for Anti Aging  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772077